Patronymic surnames such as Jansen/Janssen, Hansen, and Petersen are the most common names in the far north (Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein). 6. (LE XI, 400). The distinction between the noble and pejorative type of names in the Lithuanian pagan anthroponymic system permits the conclusion that the giving of the name in that system was not an established procedure obligatorily applied to every person at an accepted time. Polish surnames are known from the Middle Ages, but only 200 years ago did the inherited surnames become compulsory. FEN Learning is part of Sandbox Networks, a digital learning company that operates education services and products for the 21st century. Thus, so far no convincing argument has been discovered regarding the practice of the Lithuanian giving of a name, in the pre-Christian period. Senovës tautø tikëta, kad vaikui duotas vardas gali veikti jo likimà.. Varde norëta iðkelti naujojo visuomenës nario bûdo ypatybës, branginamos visos Lithuanian form of MARIUS. Not so common would be the patronymic derivatives of the pagan Lithuanian upper class society (pagan nobility) personal names where rather involved compounds were mostly applied, e.g. Roman family name that was derived either from MARS, the name of the Roman god of War, or else from the Latin root mas, maris meaning "male". On the other hand, the event suggests that a person had changed his own name to satisfy his personal ambition, or the change might have come about by the course of events. buvusá Lietuvos pranciðkonø vikaru, Vilniaus kapitula, Vytauto pageidavimu, já iðrinkusi Similar procedure is applicable in the field of the feminine patronymic anthroponyms which expresses itself also in a great variety and quantity of the feminine morphemical structures. When the noble names were abbreviated and reduced to the mere means of calling, e.g., Algirdas-Algis, Vytautas-Vytas, Þygimantas-Þygas, etc., the giving of such a simplified name to a person must also have lost its significance and importance in the methods or traditions of performing of the giving of a name. Karijotas or Koriat (baptized Michal; died between 1358 and 1363) was the Duke of Navahrudak and Vaŭkavysk, one of the sons of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. Lithuanian Surnames. And it is understood that the "heavy" and structurally complicated names were given with the consideration towards the person and with regard to the meaning and mysterious power of the name. On the basis of the system of pre-Christian Lithuanian anthroponymic structure in the masculine-feminine opposition, vis. Notable people with the surname include: Konrad Talmont-Kamiński (born 1971 ... Château de Talmont, a medieval castle in the Talmont-Saint-Hilaire commune, France. 26 It has to be considered at this point that in opposition to the Christian patronymic derivatives there also are derivatives of the pagan Lithuanian simple (single root) anthroponyms, e.g. The old Lithuanian names indicate that our forefathers were making their names mostly of the stems: gail-... taut-... kant-... mant-... etc. 8. 16. lygmuo, jame ákûnyta pati þmogaus esmë. Same Comments on the Distribution of the Anthroponyms. With the birth of a new person new names were created. Jablonskis, K., Lietuviðki þodþiai senosios Lietuvos raðtiniø kalboje, Vilnius, 1941. 1, h. 4: isbn: 91-7192-223-7; bd. It was also a very common first name in early medieval Spain. Algirdas (Belarusian: Альгерд, Polish: Olgierd) (c. 1296 – May 1377) was a monarch of medieval Lithuania. Vygantas, son of King Algirdas. There is a wealth of such material in the medieval records, much of it unexplored. Morsom — Recorded in the spellings of Morston, Morson and Morsom, this is an English post medieval surname. Patronymic surnames such as Jansen/Janssen, Hansen, and Petersen are the most common names in the far north (Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein). The Pagan Anthroponyms and the Changing of Them by Persons in Pre-Christian Lithuania, Although the family of King Algirdas by his first wife Queen Mary were Christians, there is no ascertainment of proof that King Algirdas actually followed the pagan Lithuanian religious or ethnical traditions. b) The names of the persons of the Lithuanian upper class families and of the most prominent individuals: Goðtautas, Karijotas, Manvydas, Liubartas, Tautvilas, Vykintas, Þymantas, etc. Last names are often derived from occupation, location, and nicknames. To take the example of the patronymic derivatives of the Christian name ]onas John' it would provide the following patronyms: Jonaitis, Jonytis, Jonelis, Jonukas, Jonynas, Jononis, Jonënas, Jonulis, Jonikas, etc., i.e. One of the earliest modern records of Kaplan as a family name is that of Abraham Kaplan in 1698. Several Romanian names are derived by adding suffixes like –escu, -eanu, -anu, etc. Kaplan or Caplan is also a surname common among Ashkenazi Jews, usually indicating descent from the priestly lineage (the kohanim), similar to the etymological origin of the common Hebrew surname Cohen. The same names are found everywhere in the Pale of Settlement, but they are most highly concentrated in Lithuania. The patronyms have had an important role in the original forming of the Lithuanian dua nomina system. The following names listed below are selected from point 1 and point 2 above, categories of the anthroponyms which are confirmed by historical documents and which have entered into wide general Lithuanian usage. The same names are found everywhere in the Pale of Settlement, but they are most highly concentrated in Lithuania. A discussion of medieval Russian bynames based on the names of birds. Some of the monothematic names are also the structural elements of the dithematic compounds (Tautmilas), however they also function as the independent monothematic anthroponyms (Tauta, Milius). The word itself is hardly used any more in anybody's active vocabulary, but it survives as a surname. Lithuania is a country in northeastern Europe with a population of roughly 3 million people. 555-561. I-VII (Wroc{l/}aw: Zak{l/}ad Narodowy Imienia Ossoli{n'}skich, Polska Such process implies a change of a name, which process appears best demonstrated by the personal names of the family of Algirdas, ruler of Lithuania in the 14th century. Apparently, pavardë started when the term vardas was transferred to mean the Christian name, i.e. An exception is a masculine name ending in -us and -ius, in which case the feminine suffix is special -uvienë, Eièius-Eièiuvienë, Eièienë. Jon-el-aitis, Jon-yn-enas, Jon-el-yn-aitis, etc. 1, h. 3: 91-88096-00-9; bd. Thus because of a liberal changing of his name by King Vytautas there is no ascertainment of the rituals or the traditions of the giving and the holding of a name system in Lithuanian paganism, interrupted by the circumstantial taking of Christian names by himself and also by his cousins. This latter procedure brings about a feature of anthroponym of a married woman which feature is construed in a rather simple structure: the name of a married woman takes the suffix -ienë to the husband's name: Algirdas-Algirdienë. 15. In Belarus and most of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, surnames first appeared during the late Middle Ages. You might even find that your Greek ancestry goes beyond Greece by the surname your Greek ancestors adopted. In case of a delay in name-giving, a possibility of a "temporary" name is very real, and the names of endearment such as "Tiny", "Dearie", "Sweetie" etc. Gaius Marius was a famous Roman consul of the 2nd century BC. Personal Names, vol. Kysgeylo, etc. The Medieval Period lasted from the 5th until the 15th century, so names changed over this period. Donum Balticum, Stockholm, 1970. No native Lithuanian scribe has yet been discovered who would have acquired the craft of writing and would have used it in his own country, i.e., in the Pagan Lithuania up to ca. (17) Donum Balticum, 130, Stockholm, 1970. The ancient people believed that a name given to an infant could determine his fate. before Christianity was introduced 1251-1413. Considering the fact that in ancient times only one single personal name was used, and such practice in Lithuanian has been generally held in pre-Christian times (until XIII century A.D.), therefore obviously the concept of a surname was not used at all, and the term pavardë 'surname' was not known. Polish heraldry is a branch of heraldry focused on studying the development of coats of arms in the lands of historical Poland (and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), as well as specifically-Polish traits of heraldry.The term is also used to refer to the Polish heraldic system, as opposed to systems used elsewhere, notably in Western Europe. 13. term vardas has lost its meaning of the concept of name. The surname is usually recorded in most dictionaries of surnames as being… Their wealth was beyond comprehension and many regarded them to be the true rulers of Lithuania. The given names (point c) are mostly abbreviated deductions from the full dithematic or monothematic Lithuanian anthroponyms of present-day usage, and are based upon the Lithuanian cultural tradition, and keeping in accord with modern-day rush and speed, i.e., e.g., Algimantas normally is reduced to and/or replaced by Algis, or Alis, or Al (voc. The typical Lithuanian anthroponyms of the monothematic structure: Aldas, Aldonas, Alkis, Arûnas, Audrius, Auksius, Auðrys, Àþuolas, Barutis, Birutis, Bûtis, Bûtys, Dainius, Dalius, Bargas, Daugas, Dobilas, Drasutis, Dþiugintas, Eglë, Eimutis, Eitys, Erèius, Erdenis, Gabija, Gailas, Gailius, Galindas, Gaudrys, Gedila, Gedutis, Geidutis, Geistys, Giedrius, Gintas, Girdenis, Girdys, Girdutis, Girstenis, Gytis, Graþys, Gundas, Indrë, Irtys, Jaunius, Jaunutis,Jovas, Kalnius, Kante-nis, Kastytis, Kæstas, Kæstutis, Kintas, Kintenis, Klausas, Labutis, Labys, Laima, Levas, Liauda, Liepa, Linas, Manèius, Mantas, Mantilas, Marius, Medas, Mëta, Miglius, Milda, Milius, Minas, Mintas, Mirga, Neglis, Neringa, Nerius, Nida, Norys, Pajauta, Pame-das, Radys, Ramintas, Ramûnas, Ramutis, Rasa, Rimas, Rimtas, Rytis, Roþë, Rûta, Rûtenis, Rusnë, This opposition is very strong in the spoken language. To the contrary, it is ascertained that King Algirdas as well as his heir Jogaila had wide correspondence and negotiations with the Christian authorities about the need of accepting Christianity and bringing it into the whole Lithuanian nation. The Medieval Period lasted from the 5th until the 15th century, so names changed over this period. 13. Last Names from A to Z. (23) LE XV, 556. 20 concerning the Lithuanian onomastics (and anthropo-nymics) as being a field still unresearched and its collected material as yet unclassified. (Vincø is the genetive plural of Vincas). In the United Kingdom , the most common last name is Smith. (5) P. Jonikas, "Asmenvardþiai ir vietovardþiai", LE, op. the parental wish for the newly born member of the family, believing in the magic power of the name that might condition the fate of the child." Petre. Linguist P. Jonikas suggested a term for it, prievardis,23 i.e. Algirdas: Algis-Algë, Gediminas: Godis-Gedë, Këstutis: Kæstas-Kæstë, etc. Other can also be used to choose medieval bynames, but it requires more expert knowledge. Certainly, the Lithuanian society of the pagan system also implied a system of an ancient rule of one name to a person. Although we do not arrive at the solution of the problem of what was the system of the pre-Christian Lithuanian giving of a name, the above quotation of Alfreds Gaters suggests that the material of the primitive nomenclature contained data caused by various contrasting events and unknown circumstances. 1 testo geidžiamosios nuosakos 3 asmuo Sut, BzBkXXI302 žr. Notes on Selected Polish Surnames. If those examples are early enough, then they are bynames rather than inherited surnames. Then again the term pavardë 'surname' is of an origin posterior to the term of pravardë 'nickname'. 7. Nothing is revealed of the names of the other six Princes. Family Chronicle - Surname Origin List. Other can also be used to choose medieval bynames, but it 10. Medieval English Baby Names - MomJunctions' exhaustive collection of modern, unique and cute Medieval English baby names with their meanings and religion. (7) A confusing fact and very characteristic of pagan Lithuanian name writing in medieval documents is the name of Prince We have included in this list surname dictionaries that meet The conclusion to that is that Christianity in Lithuania had actually no ancient Lithuanian cultural giving of a name tradition to contest and did not have to conquer one, which reality indeed conditioned the process of the introduction of the new religion. Considering broadly the concept of the structure of the Lithuanian ethnic personal names it becomes evident that the Lithuanian anthroponymic structure in general coincides with the structure of the anthroponymy of any other Indo-European ethnic groups, with the only exception being Roman anthroponymy which has a system functioning outside religion. Bet kas didesniu yra tarp jūsų, testo kaip… 4. Algirdas—Atgirdaitis, Skirgaila,—Skirgailaitis, Þygimantas—Þygimantaitis, etc. I, p. 201 ff. (27) P. Jonikas, LE XV, 558. ,- (12) Astride Baecklund, Cramoty Velikogo Novgoroda, Stockholm, 1959. The language could have been Latin or German, and the orthography Latin or Gothic. 1903; Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1966). Literatûros barai, vol. The following anthroponymic material is selected mostly from the Etymological Dictionary compiled by K. Kuzavinis Quellen des 12. und 13. Ansas, Juonis, Peteris, Juris, etc. The pravardþiavimas 'nicknaming' might have been a predominant system and thus the basis of the name-giving. Recorded in over two hundred spelling forms including Rose of England, Flanders, and Germany, Larose and Roz of France, Ross of Scotland, Royce, Roset, and Rising of England, Rosa and Rosi of Italy and Spain, Rosone and Rosetti of Italy, Rosanski Jonikas, P., Lietuviø kalbos istorija, Chicago, 1952. 200 Common Jewish Last Names Or Surnames With Meanings. Peret, … Medieval Lithuania is seen as a Lithuanian-led, though relatively very tolerant state, ... (or surnames in case of historical figures), he also tries to prove to us the Aryan origin of Albanians (yikes) which makes his book feel even more biased. Regarding the anthroponymic motivation of the giving of a name a most convincing source would be available in the material of the Lithuanian pravardë 'nickname'. This surname of pre-Roman origin is said to come from the Basque language, being linked to the adjective ‘young’. The history of Lithuanian anthroponymy attests to several periods of the changing of a name: pagan to Christian: Vytautas to Alexander; native to foreign: Þemkalnis to Landsbergis (German), and then in the trend of modern times, hybrids to native ones: Jakðevièius to Alantas, Babickas to Alanta, Ferentas to Tautvilas, Nagrodskis to Nauragis, Tupèiauskas to This name generator will generate 10 surnames, which fit many types of fantasy settings. Polish surnames are known from the Middle Ages, but only 200 years ago did the inherited surnames become compulsory. 16. A morpholexical form of a feminine anthroponym and an opposition of the masculine one has been discovered and is used at the present time, vis. It seems logical that when the time came for the Princes to take part in the The best studies of surnames trace them back to their origins and give early, dated examples. An example: "It is possible to mention another bishop of Vilnius, Jokûbas Plichtas, who earlier was a Franciscan vicar at the capital of Vilnius, and by the request of Vytautas, he was elected bishop, and in a letter to the Pope, 1398, he was called Lithuanian, general (masculine) version often is predominant, allowing the supposition based on the influence of the international lexics, vis. Kiernovensis." This situation leads to the conclusion that the Lithuanian Kings, considering Algirdas and his successors Jogaila and Vytautas, ultimately accepted Christianity themselves officially and introduced it to the whole country. 9. Thus arose descriptions like Thomas the Baker, Norman son […] and B. Savukynas, (4) and to that selection were added anthroponyms used in part by P. Jonikas in his article in the Lithuanian Encyclopedia. The need of the process of inventing a nickname might have been for multiple reasons: first, when a person had no established and no socially accepted The giving of the name could be delayed until the time of growing up and the development of the personality of the young individual, and then the name would circumstantially come about. name to a person in which act no established name-giving rules were followed and no religious rituals were involved. case: Miniau, Mini, Min). Encyclopedia Lituanica (various articles in the 5 volumes published so far). Tik moderninio þmogaus galvosenoje vardas atsieta nuo jo turëtojo. Resolution. Pagaliau tarmëse ir pats pravardës terminas daug kur vartojamas pavardës reikðmë. Being pre-Christian most of the tales would contain native Latvian names: Cuinis, Kalninð, Krauklis, Kunogins, Parðus, Skridulits etc. (kæs- 'kæsti' to bear, -gaila 'galia' might, power) as: Kesgaylo, Kiernovensis.) Thus, A. Salys states: "...all the personal names derive from the appellatives. Kuzavinis, K. and Savukynas Br., Vardai ir þodþiai. Anthony of the family of Vincent. ... Others, such as Kramer (or Krämer), were medieval names for traders. (6] Dar galima paminëti ir antràjá Vilniaus vyskupà Jokuba Plichtá, prieð tai When father and son shared the same surname, it was usually still meaningful, unlike our modern non-denotative hereditary surnames. In Europe, many of today’s surnames stem from a medieval profession. 2, h. 7: isbn: 9) LE XV, 556. (8) The erroneous recordings in documents of pagan Lithuanian names when the scribes were of limited education, knew no Lithuanian, did not understand the structure of the Lithuanian names nor could tell the meaning of compounds, is clearly evident in the recording of the name Kæsgaila Term toponymies vietovardþiai: 'topos ' vieta, 'onyma ' vardas ( modern. The Pyrenees, in every nation some names have been a predominant system and thus Lithuanian. Bendrinës raðomosios kalbos medieval lithuanian surnames, Chicago, 1952 נוֹחַ ( Noach ) meaning `` rest, comfort.!, veiksmaþodþiu vardyti, vardà duoti... '' ( Lietuviø Enciklopedija,.. Plural vietovardþiai ) itself is hardly used any more in anybody 's active vocabulary but... ( Spanish ) and colloquial needs have been obligatory for Lithuanians belonging to the of... Also implied a system of pre-Christian Lithuanian anthroponymic structure in the meaning of the of! Anthroponymical material of the morpheme Ky- attest Scots in the spellings of Morston, and. H. 9: isbn: 91-7192-123-8 ; bd these instructions ; otherwise consider removing or replacing them more... Due to immigration from across the Pyrenees, in fact, ‘ Garcia ‘ is now also the most. Vytautas married her cousin, Julijana, the same town or village the... Jablonskis, K., `` Asmenvardþiai ir vietovardþiai '', LE, op did the inherited.! Six Princes 2, h. 9: isbn: 91-7192-223-7 ; bd: Альгерд, Polish Olgierd... 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